{"id":10981,"date":"2023-02-15T05:30:51","date_gmt":"2023-02-15T05:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/?p=10981"},"modified":"2022-05-17T23:58:47","modified_gmt":"2022-05-17T23:58:47","slug":"what-is-graftroot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/what-is-graftroot","title":{"rendered":"What is Graftroot?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Alternar tabla de contenidos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/what-is-graftroot\/#history_of_graftroot\" >History of Graftroot<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/what-is-graftroot\/#what_is_graftroot\" >What is Graftroot?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/what-is-graftroot\/#how_does_graftroot_work\" >How does Graftroot work?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/what-is-graftroot\/#advantages_and_disadvantages\" >Advantages and Disadvantages<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/what-is-graftroot\/#advantages\" >Advantages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/what-is-graftroot\/#disadvantages\" >Disadvantages<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Tiempo de lectura:<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutos<\/span><\/span><p>In the world of cryptocurrencies there are several<strong>\u00a0concepts<\/strong>\u00a0that we should be aware of. One of them is<strong>\u00a0Graftroot.<\/strong>\u00a0This is an enhancement designed with the aim of extending the capabilities of the Bitcoin enhancement,\u00a0<strong>Taproot<\/strong>. If you don\u2019t know what it is, read this article. In it we will tell you all about what Graftroot is and\u00a0<strong>how it works.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Graftroot is one of the most eagerly awaited Bitcoin\u00a0<strong>enhancement proposals<\/strong>. Its purpose is to implement greater support for\u00a0<strong>smart contracts<\/strong>\u00a0executed over the Bitcoin network. In addition, this system brings other improvements in the cryptography of this\u00a0<strong>cryptocurrency<\/strong>. This is one of the improvements aimed at increasing the\u00a0<strong>privacy<\/strong>\u00a0of the world\u2019s first cryptocurrency.<\/p>\n<p>Graftroot works by combining cryptographic technologies. The aim is to offer greater privacy in transactions carried out on the Bitcoin network. This system seeks to create complex\u00a0<strong>multi-signatures<\/strong>\u00a0that look like common transactions by combining<strong>\u00a0Taproot, Schnorr and MAST signatures<\/strong>. The purpose of these multifirms is to make it difficult for blockchain analysis companies to trace the inflows and outflows of cryptocurrencies used in such transactions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\"><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"history_of_graftroot\"><\/span><strong>History of Graftroot<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The beginning of the Graftroot story takes us back to two very important concepts in the history of Bitcoin. These are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/all-about-taproot\/\"><strong>Taproot<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/what-are-signatures-schnorr-bip-340-the-taproot-key\/\"><strong>Schnorr<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0signatures. These concepts represent the basis for the development of Graftroot, and without them its operation would be unfeasible.<\/p>\n<p>When the enhancement proposed by Taproot was established, it was accompanied by a novel type of\u00a0<strong>digital signature<\/strong>\u00a0known as Schnorr signatures. This is a type of digital signature aimed at creating smaller, more secure and private digital signatures than its competitors<strong>\u00a0ECDSA<\/strong>, which would be the standard used by Bitcoin today.<\/p>\n<p>Specifically, on\u00a0<strong>February 5, 2018, Gregory Maxwell<\/strong>, the developer of Bitcoin, sent an email to the list formed by the developers of the cryptocurrency where he announced the Graftroot proposal. This proposal was an improvement for Taproot that would increase its possibilities. The idea\u00a0<strong>succeeded<\/strong>\u00a0quickly, because the designer of\u00a0<strong>Taproot<\/strong>\u00a0was also Gregory Maxwell, and who better than him to know how this system worked and how it could be improved.<\/p>\n<p>Both ideas were presented by Gregory Maxwell within\u00a0<strong>13 days<\/strong>\u00a0of each other, making it clear that there was room for development and improvement of both.<\/p>\n<div id=\"image_1169711484\" class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\">\n<div class=\"img-inner dark\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Qu%C3%A9-es-Grafroot1.jpeg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Qu\u00e9-es-Grafroot1.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Qu\u00e9-es-Grafroot1-300x205.jpeg 300w\" alt=\"Qu\u00e9-es-Grafroot\" width=\"768\" height=\"526\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Qu\u00e9-es-Grafroot1.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Qu\u00e9-es-Grafroot1-300x205.jpeg 300w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Qu\u00e9-es-Grafroot1.jpeg\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\"><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what_is_graftroot\"><\/span><strong>What is Graftroot?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As mentioned above, Graftroot is a relatively\u00a0<strong>new technology<\/strong>\u00a0that aims to enhance the\u00a0<strong>privacy<\/strong>\u00a0features of smart contracts on the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/what-is-bitcoin\/\">Bitcoin<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/what-is-blockchain-and-how-does-it-work\/\">blockchain<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>With this enhancement, participants in a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/en\/what-is-a-smart-contract\/\">smart contract<\/a>\u00a0can combine their public keys in the realization of a contract. In this way,<strong>\u00a0a single threshold key<\/strong>\u00a0can be generated. This key is accessed with a\u00a0<strong>threshold signature<\/strong>, as in Taproot.<\/p>\n<p>However, there is a difference between the two and that is that in Graftroot threshold signatures are created for each\u00a0<strong>alternative condition<\/strong>\u00a0in the smart contract. With Taproot, on the other hand, the signature is created on the complete set of\u00a0<strong>conditions<\/strong>. This feature of Taproot has the disadvantage of generating an excess of data. This in turn represents a drawback for the privacy of the\u00a0<strong>smart contract<\/strong>\u00a0within the blockchain. Graftroot seeks to solve this problem by making a smart contract appear to be a\u00a0<strong>standard transaction<\/strong>\u00a0for users seeking to perform chain analysis within the\u00a0<strong>blockchain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\"><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how_does_graftroot_work\"><\/span><strong>How does Graftroot work?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To better understand how Grafroot works, we will see it through an\u00a0<strong>example<\/strong>. Let\u2019s imagine that a smart contract is created between two parties, Peter and John. The contract is based on the possibility of spending funds together from the\u00a0<strong>same contract<\/strong>. In this contact it can be established that John can make\u00a0<strong>expenditures<\/strong>\u00a0after a certain period of time, such as a week, alternatively. In the same way it is established that Peter will be able to make expenses if he registers a\u00a0<strong>secret number<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In this way, Peter and John create and sign these contract conditions. John keeps his \u201c<strong>threshold signature<\/strong>\u201d by means of which he will be able to make expenditures after the established period of time (one week). On the other hand, Peter keeps his threshold signature with which he will be able to make expenditures if he provides the secret number.<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to\u00a0<strong>liquidating<\/strong>\u00a0the contract, we can find ourselves in two situations. The first would be\u00a0<strong>the cooperative closing<\/strong>. In this case both participants will\u00a0<strong>sign<\/strong>\u00a0the transactions and generate the threshold signature. If Carlos is there, with his secret number he can reveal<strong>\u00a0the alternative condition agreed<\/strong>\u00a0in the smart contract and with his threshold signature he can prove the authenticity of the expenses.\u00a0<strong>For the consensus system, this whole process will look like<\/strong>\u00a0both parties to the contract agreed to this<strong>\u00a0transaction.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Another situation that we can find is that only Juan is found. In this case we proceed in a similar way. John states\u00a0<strong>the alternative condition<\/strong>\u00a0in the contract and provides his threshold key to make the expenditure.<\/p>\n<p>What Graftroot does is to\u00a0<strong>guarantee<\/strong>\u00a0that the execution, in any case, is carried out\u00a0<strong>generating little data<\/strong>\u00a0through the application of\u00a0<strong>Schnorr<\/strong>\u00a0signatures, abstract syntax trees known as\u00a0<strong>MAST<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Taproot\u2019s<\/strong>\u00a0own goodness.<\/p>\n<p>By\u00a0<strong>combining<\/strong>\u00a0all these technologies Graftroot will make the transaction look like a\u00a0<strong>normal transaction<\/strong>\u00a0on the blockchain, even in cases where alternative conditions were carried out.<\/p>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\"><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"advantages_and_disadvantages\"><\/span><strong>Advantages and Disadvantages<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Like any project, Graftroot has its own advantages and disadvantages. Here are the most important ones.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"advantages\"><\/span>Advantages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Graftroot\u00a0<strong>facilitates<\/strong>\u00a0even the most complex smart contract in a stealthy way, as no one would notice.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Participants will be able to\u00a0<strong>add more terms<\/strong>\u00a0to the contract even after the initial contract has been executed.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">It offers\u00a0<strong>greater privacy<\/strong>\u00a0in smart contracts with various alternative conditions.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">It is\u00a0<strong>superior in efficiency<\/strong>\u00a0to Taproot in terms of smart contracts with many alternative conditions.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Each alternative condition\u00a0<strong>has its own threshold signature<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Allows participants to<strong>\u00a0delegate<\/strong>\u00a0their keys to other users to sign if the first participant is not present.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"disadvantages\"><\/span>Disadvantages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Interactivity.<\/b>\u00a0Participants must provide notice of alternate script signatures before expenditures can be made.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">If a party loses their threshold signature they\u00a0<strong>will lose<\/strong>\u00a0their backup.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Tiempo de lectura:<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutos<\/span><\/span>In the world of cryptocurrencies there are several\u00a0concepts\u00a0that we should be aware of. One of them is\u00a0Graftroot.\u00a0This is an enhancement designed with the aim of extending the capabilities of the Bitcoin enhancement,\u00a0Taproot. If you don\u2019t know what it is, read this article. In it we will tell you all about what Graftroot is and\u00a0how it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6681,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[185],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blockchain-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10981\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bitnovo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}